Manufacture of luminant for electric lamps.



um i frngn er-Ares PATENT OFFICE,

Serial' No. 346,405.

To all whom it mkty concern: Be it known that I, JOHN ALLEN HEANY, a

citizen of the United States,.residing at York,

in the county of York and State of Pennsyl- Vania, have invented certain new and useful;

Improvements in the Manufacture of Lu minants for Electric Lamps. 7 I

This invention" relates to the manufacture of luminants for electric lamps made bf-very pure refractory metals, such as tungsten,

titanium, zirconium, '&c., oralloys oftwo ormore of such metals, or of pure-chromium, molybdenum, thorium, manganese, or alloys of such metals. 7

My lumin'ants have properties heretoforev unattainable,.such as being ductile-and capable of standing a much higher temperature than any form of carbon or'the carbids of such nietals, and are more efiicient than any hitherto known metallic filaments. They can withstand a much higher. temperature and also convert the heat into light Waves,

and thereby have the properties of selective o radiation. I utilize these metals, or osmium cerium, niobium, tantalum and vanadium, or boron and silicon, either singly'or mixed in a owdered form, as some of these powdere metals can bev obtained: by known processes, more or less ure, or I can employ the pure oxids, h dri s, nitrids, vor metals n a ve the .oxi or colloidal suspension of the pure metal, and with the drypowder use a lubri cant or binder, such as water or paraffin, to form or-shape them.. They are then baked in an oven to drive out the paraflin or water, and'm case .the' oxid. is used the filament is reduced in pure hydrogen'by external-heat to the met The re iminary baking does not oxidize the meta ,butmerely strengthens .t, and during good conductivity, The body is now heated )y an electric current in a-vacuum to drive )ut the hydrogen and to SiDtGI' oraalloythe.

iarticularl to a pure titanium filament and he metho of'producing it.' I

Specification of Letters Patent. Original applioaticnfiledDecemher 29,1904 Serial Nol,288,769- .Divided fine pow er or in a colloidal state of i this operation the binder is i1ssipated, leaving the filament formedof; 91f refractory substance, strong, durable, and of Patented Jag 29 1907. and this application filed lllovembeiiii-i906.

titanium nitride are producedlby know-n processes-such, for nstance, as the titaheating the pure titanium dio xid.in pure ammonia gas, although other. titanium ni- '..trid.is mixed with a very small percentage of water or paraffin andheated, as above-dc and the filament is then treated by an electric current in a vacuum to a suflicient temof a suitable lubricant, sucli'a's water or paraffin,heated gently to drive out, all traces of or, if. desired, titanium dioxid is converted into the colloidal state and formed into shape, dried by gentle heat, and heated in pure hydrogen to reduce the filament into the metal, althou h in this last-named operation it is quite pro able that some or nearlyall of the titanium dioxid is merelyreduced to the good conductor of electricity it is admirably metalis converted-into the colloidal state and formed into filaments, when in thedesired last descri 'ed'cases the filamentis traversed sii'iter and shrink the filament into a dense shiny homogeneous metallicfilament.

vacuum or neutral oxid zation of the erto' unknown efliciency maygbe attributed not only 'a 'th' 4 can withstand, but also f surface of the 'luminant, which "radiates the light-223 s in airemarkablje manner. a Sh o d therebethe sli htest trace of carbon or of some-easily fusi 1e metal like plati- 111m present in the luminant body, its efficiency Will beso reduced as to render-lithe As an illustration of a suitableprocess,

the lubricant, and then sintered in a vacuum. into a dense shiny pure. titanium filament,-

consistenc gently heated, and in both these by a'suitable electric current in a vacuum to 9 The luminant bodies are to be used in a gas to prevent any possible metal-and give a greater lightfor the .same expenditure of. energy or ,the,same light; at-a much less expenditure of, energy than; {any forni of electric 'luminai' t hitherto lniown; wonderful,- and hithto -the' high'temperaturecoefficient high temperature which-the filament to the shiny metallic nium dinitrid (Ti N may be. produced by 6o trid'sm'ay be employed. The titaniumnii scribed, to eliminate the water or paraflin,

perature to decompose the 'nitrid, and a dense homogeneous pure titaniumfilar'i entv results,or the pure titanium metal, in: a very fine powder, is squirted into shape means suboxid (TiO); but as this substance isv a suited for further treatment; or the titanium 4 body almost useless. A trace of carbon may permeate the filament of the lamp during the exhausting operation if care is not taken to prevent the vaporized oil of thedpumpyfrom entering the bu b of the lamp an com imng with the titanium filament. I

Having thus described the nature and object of my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

. 1. A filament for incandescent lamps consisting' exclusively of metallic titanium in a dense, shiny coherent state and homogeneous throughout.

2. A filament for electric incandescent lights consisting throughout of substantially pure metallic titanium of high fusing-point and electrically conductive, which is stable at an efficiency at which a carbon filament, or a titanium carbid filament, will rapidly disintegrate, the light-emitting propertles of the filament being due to the homogeneous metallic nature of the titanium.

3. The process of formin a dense, homo geneous titanium filament or electric incandescent lamps which consists in producing afilament which consists exclusively of a titanium compound in the desired shape and then dissociatlng said titanium compound in an inert environment thereby ehminating the filament which consists exclusiv .the substance with which the substance which the titanium has combined with and shrinking the remaining ure metal into a dense, homogeneous shiny fi ament.

4. The process of forming a dense homoeneous titanium filament for electric incandescent lamps which consists in producing a e of a conducting titanium compound in tie desired shape, and then dissociating said titanium compound by passing therethrough an electric current in a vacuum thereby eliminating titanium was combined with and by means of said electric current shrinking and sinterin the remainng par? 1 ital into a dense omogeneous shiny filament.

5'. The process of forming a dense homoeneous titanium filament for electric incandescentlamps which consists in producing a filament which consists exclusively of titanium nitrid in the desired shape and then dissociating said nitrid in an inert environment thereby eliminating thexnitrogen ot the nitrid and shrinking the remaining 'aure metal into a dense homogeneous shiny i i ament .7

r JOHN 'ALLEN HEANY. Witnesses:

' HENRY E. Evnanme,

RoY 0. Marcus.-

Order 10f CanceIation o'f letters Pete By ie deere the United States- Pennsylvania, atcopy of which decree is recorded in Libel" G 9o,=p e 94, of the Asslgnlnent Recerds offithe United States Petent Oflice, patent No. 842,546; granted tb John Allen Heany, was canceled. I

I Ofidat Gaz'ette, September 24, 1912. I

. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, v UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

WASHINGTO D. 0., September 18,1912.

District Court for the Eastern District of EDWARD BJMOQRE,

Commissioner. 

